常用经济术语中英对照表

  	      	      	    	    	      	    
国民经济、对外经济贸易 National economy, Foreign economic relations and trade  
经济指标 economic indicators  
社会总产值 total product of society  
国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)  
国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)  
人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita  
工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture  
国民收入 national income  
购买力平价法 purchasing power parity  
财政收入 state revenue  
社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales  
社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index  
百分点 percentage points  
"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development  
计划经济 planned economy  
统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing  
市场经济 market economy  
指令性计划 mandatory plan  
指导性计划 guidance plan  
市场调节 market regulation  
建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government  
抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology  
实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population  
第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries  
外向型经济 export-oriented economy  
创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise  
劳动密集型 labor intensive  
技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive  
高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value  
优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources  
生产力 productive forces  
生产资料 capital goods  
科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings  
火炬计划 Torch Plan  
技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock  
风险投资 venture investment/capital  
固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets  
折旧费 depreciation cost  
关系民生的产品 products vital to the people’s livelihood  
供大于求 oversupply  
供不应求 short supply  
经济过热 overheated economy  
抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market  
宏观调控 macro-economic control  
经济杠杆 economic levers  
产业政策 industrial policy  
财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate  
提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns  
社会效益 social effect/returns  
实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development  
财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)  
外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value  
外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment  
实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use  
三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture  
允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation  
优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms  
减免税收 tax reduction and exemption  
合作方式 approaches to cooperation  
出资方式 means of contributing investment  
合营期限 contract term of a joint venture  
三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)  
贸易伙伴 trade partner  
转口贸易 transit trade  
外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus  
积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside  
交钥匙工程 turn-key project  
招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system  
招标出售技术 bids for technology  
公开招标 call for bid; tenders  
招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)  
标书 bidding document  
竟标 competitive bidding  
投标 bid for a project  
投标报价书 bid proposals  
评标 bid proposal evaluation  
开标 bid opening  
中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender  
拍卖 auction  
租赁 leasing  
保税区 bonded area; free trade area  
实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening  
统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition  
自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system  
知识产权 intellectual property rights  
技术转让 technology transfer  
可行性研究 feasibility study  
意向书 letter of intent  
投资环境 investment environment  
跨国公司 transnational coorporation  
基础设施 infrastructure  
20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years  
发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.  
招商 attract investment  
招商项目 project proposals for investment  
同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage  
加大改革力度 intensify reforms  
一条龙服务 one package service  
一支笔审批 one-chop approval  
我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.  
平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods  
外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections  
保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development  
三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.  
瓶颈 bottleneck  
以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture  
以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects  
下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels  
统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control  
良性循环 positive cycle  
国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy  
格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.  
理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises  
政策性亏损 policy-related loss  
三角债 chain debts  
上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee  
企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise  
生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish  
质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization  
批量生产 mass production  
以销定产 limit production to market ability  
内联企业 inland associated enterprises  
菜篮子工程 shipping basket project  
国产化 percentage of home-made parts  
配套改革 coordinated reforms  
配套措施 supporting measures  
配套工程 auxiliary project  
国内配套资金 domestic funds  
向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry  
升级换代 upgrading and updating  
看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth  
行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.  
行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price  
随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions  
片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate  
在过渡时期 in a period of transition  
粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation  
基础地位 leading position  
门类齐全 covering extensive fields  
存款余额/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/the balance of loans  
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves  
贸易顺差 trade surplus