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while(While用法解析及其和when 与as区别)

一、根据从句动作的持续性来区分

1. 主短从长型:即主句是一个短暂性的动作,而从句是一个持续性动作,此时三者都可用。如:

Jim hurt his arm while [when, as] he was playing tennis.

吉姆打网球时把手臂扭了。

As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient.

她在等火车时,变得很不耐烦。

注意:as用于引出一个持续性动词表示在……期间时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作和发展意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词,所以下面一句中的while不能换为as:

A:I’m going to the post office. 我要去邮局。

B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps?

当你在邮局时,能帮我买几张邮票吗?

2. 主长从长型:即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态,且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间,此时通常要用while。如:

I always listen to the radio while I’m driving.

我总是一边开车一边听收音机。

He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.

他没有让我进去,他只顾看那张条子,让我站在门口等着。

但是,若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有一边……一边之意时,则习惯上要用as。如:

He swung his arms as he walked.

他走路时摆动着手臂。

I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along.

我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了,只好现编现讲。

3. 主长从短型:即主句是一个持续性动作,而从句是一个短暂性动作,此时可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:

It was raining hard when [as] we arrived.

我们到达时正下着大雨。

When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio.

他进来时,我在听收音机。

二、根据主句与从句动作是否同时发生来区分

1. 若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语一……就的意思,英语一般要用as 。如:

The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it.

我一踩冰就裂了。

He jumped to his feet as the boss came in.

老板一进来他立刻站了起来。

但是,在hardly [scarcely]…when…句式中,不能将when换成as。如:

Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain.

我们刚一到就下起雨来了。

2. 若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的短暂性动作,含有类似汉语刚要……就正要……却的意思,英语一般要用as,且此时通常连用副词just。如:

I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building.

他正要离开大楼的时候,我把他截住了。

Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived.

就在这两个人要离开的时候,突然有了消息。

三、根据是否具有伴随变化来区分

若要表示主句动作伴随从句动作同时发展变化,有类似汉语随着的意思,英语习惯上要用as,而不用when或while。如:

The room grew colder as the fire burnt down.

随着炉火逐渐减弱,房间越来越冷。

As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.

随着时间的流逝,我的记忆力似乎越来越差。

注:若不是引导从句,而是引出一个短语,则用with,不用as。如:

With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.

随着冬天到来,该买暖和衣裳了。

The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset.

随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长。

四、根据从句动作的规律性来区分

若暗示一种规律性,表示每当……的时候,英语一般要用when。如:

It’s cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。

He smiles when you praise him.

你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。

五、根据主从句动作的先后顺序来区分

若主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用when。如:

When he arrives he’ll tell us all about the match.

等他到了,他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛的情况。

When she had finished she waited as though for a reply.

她讲完之后等了等,仿佛是在等候回答似的。

六、根据是否具有趁机意味来区分

1. 若从句所表示的当……的时候具有趁机的意味,则通常用while。如:

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

I tried to slip the note to him while the teacher wasn’t looking.

我想趁老师不注意时把条子偷偷递给他。

有时也用when。如:

He stole the money when no one was by.

他趁旁边无人时把钱偷走了。

The boy looks at her repeatedly when she’s not looking.

那男孩趁她没看他的时候不断地盯着她看。

七、根据是否用作并列连词来区分

when可用作并列连词,表示这时;while也可以用作并列连词,表示而却;但as则没有类似用法。如:

I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door.

我正要睡觉,听见有人敲门。

One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains.

一个人会喜欢在海滨度假,而另一个人会喜欢在山里度假。

八、根据所引出的省略句来区分

1. as和when之后均可直接跟一个名词,构成省略句;但是while一般不这样用。如:

As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。

As [When] still a student, he wrote a novel.

当他还是个学生的时候,他就写了一本小说。

2. when和while之后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句,但as一般不这样用。如:

When [While] reading, he fell asleep.

他看书时睡着了。

When [While] in trouble, ask her for help.

遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。

You must study hard while young, or you will regret when old.

你趁年轻时必须努力学习,不然到老了你会后悔的。

免责声明:本文整理自网络开放资源,仅用作学习交流,非商用,如侵删!

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