墨西哥航空公司
本条目包含过多不是中文的内容，欢迎协助翻译。
若已有相当内容译为中文，可迳自去除本模板。
墨西哥航空公司（Mexicana Airlines） 曾是星空联盟成员之一（于2000年7月1日加入星空联盟，因星空联盟不与美国联合航空继续合作，于2004年3月31日退盟）
目录 |
墨西哥航空公司（Mexicana Airlines）是最大的墨西哥国内航空公司之一，其运作超过86年，它是全世界航空公司历史上第四长历史的公司，因此，也是历史最悠久的航空公司之一。墨西哥航空公司成立时间非常早，1921年就已经成立，1929年时被美国泛美航空买下仍维持原来名称运作， 1936年开始营运第一条国外航线，当年成为飞抵洛杉矶机场的第一家外国航空公司。墨西哥航空（MX）是服务于美洲周边地区的航空公司，是最防范覆盖从墨西哥和美国及周边地区航空公司。
墨西哥航空枢纽机场是墨西哥城国际机场，服务于50多个目的地，在北美洲，中美洲，南美洲和加勒比地区。并与墨西哥国际航空公司( Aeromexico)代码共享，提供了极大的好处。提供乘客积分，机场设施，贵宾厅等多样化的选择，并形成世界面更广泛的航线网络。
墨西哥航空拥有最现代化的机队（平均6.3年），也是美洲地区最最高水平，服务准时执行率高达90％，平均飞机利用率12:07时每一天。墨西哥航空公司，也有拉美最好的维修基地。2005年7月，墨西哥推出了低成本航空公司“点击墨西哥”，它提供非常有吸引力的票价，国内航线，通过墨西哥其三个枢纽位，瓜达拉哈拉和韦拉克鲁斯州。使用福克100型飞机为旅客提供服务。
墨西哥航空公司（Mexicana Airlines）有着悠久的创新史。该公司希望采用尖端技术来增加业务收入，并提高在休假套餐市场的业务份额。于是，EDS提供了一个最佳自动化门户，把代理和客户与该公司的综合旅行套餐联系起来。
业务问题
当“9·11事件”对旅游和旅行业带来毁灭性打击时，很多人曾怀疑航空运输业是否能够复苏。事实上，这种悲惨事件对航空公司起到了催化剂的作用而不是威慑作用。现在，航空公司通过艰苦奋斗，在全面降价的同时，确保了最佳安全性和最大效率。今天，通过提升服务质量和透明度，具有远见卓识的强大航空公司正在这个迅速复苏的行业重新崛起。这种复苏一方面归因于网上旅行业（尤其是网上度假套餐市场）的崛起。网上度假套餐市场正在成为航空旅行企业走向成功的入场券。墨西哥航空公司决心把这种销售潜力便成经营利润，于是像过去那样迅速把握住了机会。
作为世界上历史第四悠久的航空公司，墨西哥航空公司已经成功运行了86年。凭借以持续创新为中心的核心价值，该公司在行业变迁和挫折中生存下来，并实现了超越。现在，该公司设想率先推出一个下一代门户，从而销售所有的量身定制旅行套餐，包括客房升级、汽车租赁、旅游和酒店服务。有谁能够比墨西哥航空公司的IT 合作伙伴EDS更好地把这种设想变成现实？
EDS解决方案
现在，墨西哥航空公司第四代网站在一个以客户为中心的可定制界面上集成了各种简化的自动化业务流程。多年来，EDS不仅帮助墨西哥航空公司确保其Web基础实施坚固耐用并具有可扩展性，而且确保其客户受益于最佳内容管理、电子邮件服务和预定技术。在寻求进一步增强客户服务功能的途径时，墨西哥航空公司认识到，它也可以把类似的功能延伸到旅行社合作伙伴，并建立一个可盈利的创收渠道。
作为世界上历史第四悠久的航空公司，墨西哥航空公司已经成功运行了84年。凭借以持续创新为中心的核心价值，该公司在行业变迁和挫折中生存下来，并实现了超越。现在，该公司设想率先推出一个下一代门户，从而销售所有的量身定制旅行套餐，包括客房升级、汽车租赁、旅游和酒店服务。有谁能够比墨西哥航空公司的IT合作伙伴EDS更好地把这种设想变成现实？ EDS解决方案现在，墨西哥航空公司第四代网站在一个以客户为中心的可定制界面上集成了各种简化的自动化业务流程。多年来，EDS不仅帮助墨西哥航空公司确保其Web基础实施坚固耐用并具有可扩展性，而且确保其客户受益于最佳内容管理、电子邮件服务和预定技术。在寻求进一步增强客户服务功能的途径时，墨西哥航空公司认识到，它也可以把类似的功能延伸到旅行社合作伙伴，并建立一个可盈利的创收渠道。
墨西哥航空公司战略的动因是销售各种旅行套餐。这是一种名叫“最佳度假旅行（VTP）”的核心服务。墨西哥航空公司通过呼叫中心、销售厅和旅行社来提供这种服务。于是，EDS为“最佳度假旅行（VTP）” 服务建立了一个集中管理应用系统，并通过与主要门户界面集成，使旅行社、业务合作伙伴和广大客户从主网站上通过一台安全服务器访问墨西哥航空公司的旅行套餐。
旅行社可通过创建他们自己的代理简介和设置，快速安全地访问代理销售数据。客户和旅行社通过一次网上交易，便可得到一张酒店预定、票价和机场接送为一体的机票。此外，EDS正在扩展这种解决方案，使其包括汽车租赁、旅游和酒店服务，为度假旅行规划提供真正的一站式服务。墨西哥航空公司和EDS正携手将该航空公司转化成一家机敏企业。作为上述设想的组成部分，项目组建立了一个灵活定价模型，以确保墨西哥航空公司仅按交易量支付服务费。现在，该航空公司的IT环境具有可扩展性，能够迅速经济地满足业务需要。
实施成果
墨西哥航空公司推出“最佳度假旅行（VTP）”门户后，第一个月国际销售额已增长2.5倍，第二个月增长3.5倍。截至年底，墨西哥航空公司共销售120,132个套餐，比2004年增长44％。墨西哥航空公司完成了两项任务。一是创建了一个灵活开展业务的新门户，二是明显增强了它对旅行社和客户的服务。现在，协调所有端到端旅行套餐不再是一项复杂的劳动密集型过程。用户友好和方便的特性将会决定客户和代理进行度假规划时对航空公司的选择。事实上，墨西哥航空公司的客运量在该项服务推出一个月内就翻了一番。随着2006年7月推出增强型“最佳度假旅行（VTP）”，预计乘客数量将再翻一番，达到700,000人。作为“最佳度假旅行（VTP）”套件的组成部分，该解决方案也增强了墨西哥各地销售点的功能。这就意味着墨西哥航空公司与主要供应商和销售商的业务关系也更加稳固，从而确保了这家航空运输业旗舰企业将继续创新、增长并建立新的里程碑。
方法和技术
EDS的尖端解决方案使墨西哥航空公司能够自动、高效地掌握其主要业务合作伙伴的客房供应情况，并按照VTP的具体质量标准确定房间价格。该解决方案也可根据每个供应商和市场的具体情况，配置房价的规定、税金和费用，使客户和旅行社更加轻松地进行旅行计划。目前，EDS正采用一套能够支持面向服务架构的基础设施来增强自动报价系统的性能。
Compañía Mexicana de Aviación (commonly known by the shorter name Mexicana) is the leading international airline in Mexico and is based in Mexico City. It operates domestic services and international services to North America, Central America, the Caribbean and South America. Its main base is Mexico City International Airport, with hubs at Cancún International Airport and Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport, Guadalajara.
Its main competitor is Aeroméxico, although the two companies formerly "code-shared" on several routes and were merged for more than a decade. It can claim to be the world's fourth oldest airline, after the Netherland's KLM, Colombia's Avianca, and Australia's Qantas.
The "Mexicana" brand name was established on July 12, 1921, by American residents in Mexico L.A. Winship and Harry J. Lawson when the Compañía Mexicana de Transportación Aérea, S.A. (roughly "Mexican Air Transport Company" in English), (CMTA) was awarded the Mexico City to Tampico route by the Mexican government. The purpose was to transport wages to the oil fields near Tampico, on the Gulf of Mexico. Mexicana's first aircraft type was the Lincoln Standard, a two-seat biplane, starting operations with two airplanes of the type. The 1920s were groundbreaking times for the airline, with air mail service being established and other services like aerial photography being undertaken.
William Mallory and George Rihl headed Compania Mexicana de Aviacion ("Mexican Aviation Company" or "Mexican Airline Company"), a competitor to CMTA; they acquired the latter's assets in 1924 and the company that emerged is the one that exists to this day. In 1925 Sherman Fairchild purchased a 20% stake in the Mexican airline introducing Fairchild FC2 airplanes in 1928. In February 1929, Juan Trippe of Pan Am took over the majority of the airline's stock, and the company opened its first international route, with service to the United States. Mexicana used the Ford Trimotor plane to operate the Mexico City-Tuxpan-Tampico-Brownsville, Texas, USA, route. Charles Lindbergh piloted the first flight on this route.
The 1930s saw route expansion and service improvement. Mexicana opened a route from Brownsville to Guatemala City, stopping over at Veracruz, Minatitlán, Ixtepec and Tapachula. In addition, flights were started to El Salvador, Costa Rica and Cuba, and the association with Pan Am gave them access to Nicaragua and Panama too, through Pan Am's Miami base. (Pan Am had undertaken flights from Mexico City to Miami.) Mexicana also became then the first foreign airline ever to fly to Los Angeles when it began flights on 3 January 1936. The fleet expanded during that decade, as eight Fairchild FC2s and three Fokker F10s were incorporated.
The 1940s were primarily a period of domestic growth, although service was established from Mexico City to Havana. Routes were opened to Monterrey, Nuevo Laredo, and Mérida. Additionally, a night flight to Los Angeles was established. The Mérida flights also operated at night. Mexicana initially used Douglas DC-2s for these flights but, as time went on, larger aircraft, such as the Douglas DC-3s, were acquired and, later, Douglas DC-4s. The DC-3s were known as El Palacio Aéreo (The Air Palace) for their luxury and comfort. The DC-4 allowed Mexicana to offer non-stop service on the Mexico City to Los Angeles route. By this decade, Mexicana was able to create a certified pilots' school in Mexico City.
The 1950s saw the airline's growth slow, but Douglas DC-6s were welcomed to the fleet, and a flight attendant school was opened. The DC-6s were put to work on the Mexico City to Puerto Vallarta and Mexico City to Oaxaca routes. Service to San Antonio, Texas was initiated later in the decade.
In the 1960s, four De Havilland Comets were bought and Mexicana entered the jet age on July 4, 1960 with the first jet service between Mexico City and Los Angeles. At this point, Mexicana was still a Pan American Airways subsidiary and these Comets were intended to replace Pan American's Boeing 707s should this type not fulfill the expectations of Pan American's owner, Juan Trippe. Despite its use of technologically advanced aircraft types, competition was stiff. By the late 1960s, the company faced bankruptcy. Amidst the difficulties, the airline received its first Boeing 727.
The difficult times brought about a change in the airline's administration and on 15 January 1968, Mexican Crescencio Ballesteros, took over as chairman and Manuel Sosa de la Vega was appointed as President and CEO. The new administration implemented strategic plans and the airline was able to recover from its economic problems soon after.
Despite its economic revival, 1969 was a difficult year for the airline as it lost two Boeing 727 jets in air crashes. The first occurred in bad weather on a flight from Mexico City to Monterrey. The second occurred on an international flight between Chicago and Mexico City.
In 1971, Mexicana started flights to Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, a route it would maintain for more than 25 years without interruption, and to Denver, Colorado. The jet fleet kept expanding and eventually consisted of 19 jets, the largest jet fleet in Latin America at the time. They also started a flight simulator service with a 727 simulator at their hub in Mexico City International Airport. By this time Mexicana had the largest fleet of 727s outside the USA.
During the 1980s, Mexicana's growth was static. However, a few events touched the company. In 1981, 3 DC-10-15s were received and began making their way through the airline's Caribbean routes. This was the first "wide-body" aircraft type Mexicana ever operated and was intended for use on high-density routes. In 1982, the Mexican government acquired 58% of the airline (only to be reprivatized again in August 1989). In 1984, construction was completed on the company's new corporate headquarters, a building 30 stories tall meant to resemble an air traffic control tower, on Xola Avenue in Mexico City. In March 1986, tragedy struck, as a Boeing 727, Mexicana Flight 940, en route to Puerto Vallarta suddenly caught fire and crashed onto the mountains of western Mexico, killing everyone on board. This is the most recent fatal accident involving a Mexicana aircraft. In 1988, Aeronaves de Mexico (AeroMexico), Mexicana's closest rival, declared bankruptcy. Consequently, Mexicana took over some of AeroMexico's longer flights during the 1990s, including flights to Canada and South America.
For Mexicana, the 1990s kept bringing changes. The Mexican airline industry was deregulated, which allowed new competitors to form. Seeking to remain competitive and modern, the airline incorporated European-built Airbus A320s in 1991 and Dutch Fokker F100s in 1992. In 1993 a reorganized AeroMéxico took over as the company struggled financially. During the mid-1990s, the Mexican economy was hard-hit by the devaluation of the Mexican peso and Mexicana, AeroMexico, and their regional affiliates were nationalized when their parent company, CINTRA (Corporacion Internacional de Aviacion), was taken over by the government. The airlines remained in their merged state until 2005. As in 1967, a new management team was hired, this time headed by President and CEO, Fernando Flores. The company was reorganized and rationalized, with a new emphasis placed on international service. Unprofitable routes were cut and the DC-10s were retired. The airline ventured deep into South America by adding flights to Lima, Peru, Santiago de Chile, and Buenos Aires, Argentina and further into North America, adding flights to Montreal, Canada. To operate these new and longer routes, the airline leased Boeing 757s, a medium-sized jet that is more modern and smaller than the DC-10 and better suited to the airline's needs at the time. Another aspect of this reorganization involved the creation of alliances. It was part of the regional alliances, LatinPass and Alas de America, and later formed an alliance with United Airlines. This latter alliance brought Mexicana into the network of global alliances, as it eventually led the airline into the Star Alliance. Recognizing the usefulness and importance of the Internet, the airline launched a website meant to promote its service and eventually included a reservation center, allowing potential passengers another option for purchasing tickets.
In the 2000s, Mexicana has continued to grow. It celebrated its 80th anniversary in July, 2001, just before the terrorist attacks of September 11 sent worldwide aviation into a tailspin. Nevertheless, the airline continues to evolve. It officially joined the Star Alliance in 2000 amid much fanfare, only to exit in March, 2004. Current CEO, Emilio Romano, has stated in the airline's inflight magazine, VUELO, that the airline left the alliance to pursue more effective code-sharing relationships with other airlines. Simultaneously, the airline created an alliance with American Airlines and several oneworld Alliance partner leading some to speculate whether the airline will join that alliance. Nevertheless, it has maintained ties to some of its former Star Alliance partners, such as Lufthansa. In 2003, the airline retired the Boeing 727 after operating the type for almost 40 years. These aircraft were replaced with newer A320, A319, and A318 types. Thus, the airline, once an important Boeing Company operator, is now an important Airbus Industry airline, although it still operates some Boeing types. Notably, the airline's long haul operations are partly conducted by Boeing 757s and Boeing 767s, the latter type introduced in December 2003, although fleet renewal plans may see long haul operations taken over by Airbus types and the Boeing 757s are being phased out of the fleet.
From 1995 to 2005, Mexicana was merged with AeroMéxico as a part of CINTRA. Despite government announcements indicating that the airlines were going to be privatized, that move did not occur until November 29, 2005, when CINTRA sold Mexicana and its subsidiary, Click Mexicana, to the Mexican hotel chain Grupo Posadas for USD$165.5 million. The road to privatization was long and winding. The government reversed its course on several occasions. At times, it proposed to sell Mexicana and AeroMéxico separately; other times, it proposed to sell them together to increase the bid price. It also proposed to sell the companies merged, but separate from their regional affiliates to increase competition. Several companies expressed interest in purchasing one or both of the airlines. For example, Iberia Airlines of Spain announced it had plans to buy part of both Mexicana and Aeroméxico. However Mexicana's owners rejected the offer possibly because another Iberia-owned Latin-American airline, Viasa of Venezuela, had gone bankrupt under Iberia's ownership. Further, Aerolíneas Argentinas had previously rejected a similar offer by Iberia.
2005 was an important year for Mexican aviation as several low cost carriers were established in Mexico to compete with AeroMéxico and Mexicana. For its part, Mexicana rebranded its regional subsidiary, AeroCaribe, as "Click Mexicana" and promotes it as a low cost carrier. This is part of the company's plan to remain competitive as the aviation industry changes and competition intensifies. Another component of this plan includes increasing its internationl presence. On July 12, 2006, Mexicana announced that it intends to open new routes to the United States to Seattle, Ontario, Detroit, Charlotte, and Puerto Rico; it is also negotiating with Arkansas officials to serve Little Rock. Of greater interest, perhaps, the airline is studying the possibility of opening flights to to Shanghai, China in 2007. Should the airline undertake this challenge, it would mark an important achievement in its 85 year history.
The airline is wholly owned by Grupo Posadas and it has 7,867 employees (at June 2007).