图像有助于记忆单词.mp37:03来自英语东
Suppose you are listening to a program in English and hear the word "borrow". You have heard this word many times but forget its meaning.
假设你在听一个英语节目并听到了单词"borrow"。你听过这个单词很多遍，但忘记了意思。
So, you look up the equivalent word in your own language. Ahh, yes, now you remember!
于是你在自己的语言里查找对等的单词。啊，对，现在你想起来这个单词的意思了！
A few days later, you see the word again, but again cannot remember its meaning. Why? It is easy to blame yourself or think, I have a terrible memory.
但几天后，你再次见到这个单词时，你却不记得它的意思了。这是为什么呢？你可能会直接怪自己或者觉得自己记性很差。
But your memory is not the problem. The problem is that translating a word to its equivalent word in your language is not an effective way to learn vocabulary.
但其实不是记性的问题。问题在于：将一个单词转换为自己语言中对等的单词，这种方式并非掌握词汇的有效方式。
This is because it does not create strong connections in the brain, something critical for remembering information.
这是因为这种方式不会在大脑中建立强有力的联系，无法建立记忆信息的关键要素。
To really learn words, you have to bring attention to them and connect them with mental images or your existing knowledge. This helps your brain recall words quickly and easily when you need them.
要真正地掌握单词，就要花点心思，将单词跟脑海里的图像或者已知的知识联系在一起。这种方式可以帮助你的大脑在有需要的时候快速轻易地回想起单词。
On todays Education Tips, we will discuss three methods that use images to retain vocabulary. First, lets discuss the most straightforward method: Using pictures as visual aids.
在今天的《学习技巧》中，我们将讨论3个通过图像来记忆词汇的方法。首先，我们来讨论一下最直接的方法：将图像作为视觉辅助。
Danielle Zelin is an English teacher and teacher trainer.She has taught for nearly 25 years, including in South Africa, Latvia and Mauritius, her homeland.
丹妮尔·泽林是一名英语老师、培训师。她授课近25年，授课地点包括但不限于南非、拉脱维亚和自己的故乡毛里求斯。
Zelin says visual aids are important for language learners because humans think in images. When we hear a sentence. . . when somebody is talking to us, we see the pictures.
泽林表示，视觉辅助对语言学习者来说很重要，人们就是通过图像来进行思考的。当我们听到一个句子时……当有人跟我们说话时，我们会脑海中会出现图像。
We dont see the words. We dont see the sentence in our brain. Like Yesterday, I went to the beach.
我们的脑海中不会直接出现单词和句子。比如，"昨天，我去海滩了。"
If I tell you that, you will see me on the beach. You will not see the sentence in written form.
如果我跟你说这句话，你会脑海中会出现我在海滩的样子，而不会直接出现这句话。
She uses pictures or images with her beginning students and some of her mid-level students. Cristiane Galvao has used pictures to teach vocabulary to students of every level, from grade school to the university level.
她通过图像来教新生以及部分中级学生。克里斯琴·盖尔沃通过图像来将不同阶段的学生学习词汇，小学到大学的都有。
Galvao, who is based in California, has taught English for 20 years, including in the United States and Brazil. She suggests learners make visual dictionaries with pictures from the internet, for example.
盖尔沃在加利福尼亚教了20年代的英语，也曾在美国和巴西教授英语。比如，她建议学习者通过网上的图像建立起视觉词库，
This would involve writing an English word next to its image. Before you make the dictionary, think about your goals, she says.
包括在某个单词的图像旁写下这个单词。她说，在词库构建之前，要想一下自己的目标是什么。
If the goal is to reinforce what you already learned about, put the words in alphabetical order. And organize them into related groups.
如果目标是巩固自己已经学到的东西，那就把单词按照字母顺序排列。再把单词归到相关的群组中。
But if the goal is to write a sentence using each new word, then you probably do not need to put the words into groups.
但如果目标是用每个新单词写句子的话，那应该就不需要把单词归到群组中了。
Next, lets talk about mnemonics. These are mental tools you can use to recall information better.
接下来，我们来聊聊记忆术。有些工具可以用来更好地记忆起一些信息。
Most mnemonics tools involve creating mental imagery to trigger your memory. Some of you have probably already done this without realizing there is a name for it.
大多数记忆术工具都包括在脑海中建立起图像来触发记忆。大家可能之前已经这样做过，只是没有意识到这个方法是有名字的。
One great mnemonics tool is keywords. This involves making a mental image that ties two similar-sounding words together.
一个很棒的记忆术工具是关键词，包括在脑海中建立起图像，把2个发音相似的单词联系在一起。
Take the word "bald" as an example. It means having little or no hair.
以单词"bald"为例。这个单词的意思是头发很少或者没有头发。
The word "ball" sounds like "bald" and can help us remember the target word. In your mind, make a mental picture of a ball with a face on it.
单词"ball"的发音跟"bald"很像，可以帮我们记住目标单词。请在你的脑海中建立起一张图像，图像上是带有脸的一个球。
Then, picture it with no hair on top, maybe a little on the sides. Keep this image in your mind for maybe 15 seconds.
然后，想象图像中头顶上是没有头发的，或许两侧有一点头发。让这个图像停留在脑海中大概15秒的样子。
The next time you try to recall "bald," it will be easier because of the keyword and connected imagery. Alex Mullen is a biomedical engineer and one of the worlds top memory competitors.
下一次你尝试回想"bald"的时候，或许就更容易了，因为有关键词，也有联想组合的画面。亚历克斯·马伦是生物医学工程师，是世界上记忆力最好的人之一。
In 2016, he was the USA Memory Champion. Mullen calls the mnemonics keywords tool "the art of memory"
2016年，他曾获得美国记忆力冠军。马伦将记忆术关键词的工具称为"记忆的艺术"，
because your mind makes a kind of picture stories. In his video on mnemonics keywords,
因为人的大脑要制造与故事有关的图像。在他有关记忆术关键词的视频中，
he talks about remembering the target word "corral" by joining its imagery with an image of a sea coral. He draws a group of stick figures trapped -- or corralled – in a coral.
他谈及自己记忆目标词汇"corral"的方法是将脑海中的画面与海里的珊瑚联系起来。他画了一些被困（corralled）在珊瑚里的小人儿。
In real life, you would probably make a mental image rather than a drawing. But Mullens drawing demonstrates the idea of connecting a mental image of the target word with its keyword.
在现实生活中，大家大概会直接想象图像，而不会画出来。但马伦画出来的这种方式很好地示范了将目标词汇脑海画面跟其关键词联系在一起的想法。
One final method for today is word maps, also known as semantic maps or word webs. In a word map, you write a central word or idea in the middle and connect it with lines to related words.
今天要介绍的最后一个方法是单词联想图，也叫语义图或者单词网。在单词网的中间写一个中心词汇或点子，用线把它跟相关的一些单词连起来。
This helps to build mental associations between related ideas. Danielle Zelin gives the example of the word "sharp".
这样有助于在脑海中构建起相关电子之间的联系。丹妮尔·泽林用"sharp"举了例子。
If you center that word, you can connect it to words of things that are sharp, such as knife, paper and scissors. Galvao says not every student will learn through a word map.
如果将这个词作为中心词汇的话，可以把它跟锐利的东西联系在一起，如刀、纸、剪刀。盖尔沃说，不是每个学生都会通过单词网来学习单词。
But the maps can help you visualize and create a method that works for you. Im Alice Bryant.
但单词网可以帮助你进行视觉化的联想并建立起适合自己的方法。爱丽丝·布莱恩特为您播报。
