译 者 说
安全性是储能系统最重要的话题，选择符合安全标准的储能架构和控制系统，以及制定合理的应急计划可以显著降低现场发生危险事件的风险。
最近的电池安全事故频发引起了业界广泛关注。因此在选择储能系统时，安全是需要考虑的关键因素。鉴于市场上针对储能系统客户有多种选择，我们愿意给出建议，引导买家选择更加安全的储能系统和储能产品。
Recent battery incidents have made the news. For this reason, the topic of safety has re-emerged as a critical factor in selecting an energy storage system. Given numerous market alternatives, it is our belief that a proper search should lead buyers to the safest choices.
我们的工程团队花费了数年时间研究和比较所有储能系统中可能的系统架构和零部件选项。我们在这里总结了储能系统选择时需要考虑的13个关键点，以帮助您在筹备储能系统安装时做出明智的选择。
In designing Leclanché’s new LeBlock modular stationary solution, our engineering team spent years studying and comparing all the possible architectures and options. We’ve distilled some of that learning here to assist you in making an informed choice when planning a battery installation and ensuring you’ve considered the safest options.
一、选择正确的电芯
Choose the right battery cell
从安全角度而言，我们将原始安全性（可以采取哪些措施来预防事故发生）与二次安全性（如何更好地控制和管理事故进展）区分开来。原始安全性直接与储能系统的电芯相关。
In terms of safety, we differentiate primary safety (what can be done to prevent incident occurrence) from secondary safety (how to better control and manage hazards once an incident is underway). Primary safety is directly linked to the cell itself.
行业有不同类型的电芯可供选择，每种都有其优点，但最重要的是要选择符合IEC62619标准的电芯。正如其标题所述，“含碱性或其他非酸性电解质的二次电池和电池组——工业级二次锂电池和电池组的安全要求”，该标准专门用于确保电芯的安全性。
There are different kind of battery cells; each with its advantages. But the most important to consider is that the cell is compliant with the IEC62619. As mentioned in its title, “Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes – Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications,” this standard is dedicated to the safety of the cells.
二、确保模组、电柜和集装箱的安全集成
Ensure safe integration of the module, rack and containers
对于模块和电柜：确保电池符合UL 1973和IEC 62619标准。
For modules and racks: Make sure the battery meets the UL 1973 and IEC 62619 standards.
选择获得UL9540A认证的电池意味着该储能系统通过了UL机构模拟热失控的测试，以检查火灾是否会蔓延。
Selecting a battery, which is UL9540A approved, means the system has been tested, simulating a thermal runaway incident, to check that the fire doesn’t propagate.
考虑到机械、热、电和安全等约束条件。所有适用于船舶、运输或固定式应用的系统都要经过广泛的测试和认证过程。
As a 110-year old battery manufacturer, Leclanché has strong experience in battery integration taking into account mechanical, thermal, electrical and safety constraints. All systems for marine, transportation or stationary applications go through an extensive testing and qualification process.
三、投资安全的电池管理系统和能源管理软件
Invest in the right battery management system and energy management software
使用安全且符合标准的组件是确保电池具有最高安全性水平的必要第一步；但是，如何使用电池也非常关键。这就是为什么电池管理系统（BMS）应确保电池使用不会超出其极限。为了保证这种功能安全性，BMS必须通过IEC61508进行认证，这是与电气/电子/可编程电子系统功能安全相关的标准。
Using safe and standard compliant components is the mandatory first step to ensure the highest possible safety level; however, how the battery is used is key too. That’s why the battery management system (BMS) should ensure that the battery is not pushed beyond its limits. To provide this functional safety, the BMS must be certified according to IEC61508, the standard for functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems.
BMS生成大量数据，这些数据由能源管理软件（EMS）读取，在本地保存并定期备份到安全的云系统中。所有这些数据都可以用于电池的失效或偏差分析以及用于系统优化。
The BMS generates a huge amount of data that are read by the energy management software (EMS), saved locally and regularly backed-up to a secure cloud system. All these data can be used for analytic purposes to detect possible battery misbehaviour or deviations at an early stage as well as optimise system operation.
四、系统分区更好地遏制事故发生
Partition to better contain incidents
Dividing the energy storage system and partitioning the battery system in solid enclosures helps to prevent a fire incident from spreading to an entire site.
LeBlock是Leclanché全新的、安全的、模块化的、可扩展的、即插即用型的能量存储解决方案。它的设计旨在简化物流并降低总成本和碳足迹。
LeBlock is Leclanché’s new, safe, modular, scalable, plug & play energy storage solution. It has been designed to simplify logistics and reduce total costs and carbon footprint.
电池模组放在高强度的集装箱外壳里，这有助于防止火灾的蔓延。
With LeBlock, battery modules are placed in compact enclosures based on robust container technology. This helps to contain a potential fire within each block.
外壳具有绝佳的耐火性和隔热性能，可以减少辅源的消耗，进而可以保证电池独立于外部环境，在一定温度下运行（通常在20到23°C之间）。
The enclosures are highly fire resistant, providing the thermal insulation needed to minimise the auxiliary energy consumption to maintain the battery at a certain temperature – typically between 20 and 23°C– independent of the outside temperature.
五、选择合适的消防系统
Selecting an adequate fire detection and suppression system
储能系统分区提供了一种被动提高安全性的方法，但也有一些主动的方式来对抗火灾。消防系统的目标是防止非电池火灾蔓延到电柜中的其他电芯，从而防止涉及少数电芯的小事故变成大规模火灾，其后果可能波及到整个电柜或集装箱。标准的消防系统系统包括烟雾和温度传感器和气溶胶系统，在火灾发展到一定程度时会自动触发。
Whereas partitioning provides a passive way to improve safety, there are some active ways to fight fires. The goal of a fire suppression system is to prevent a non-battery fire from reaching other cells in the block – preventing a small incident involving a few batteries from turning into a large-scale fire whose consequence could be the replacement of the entire container – or worse, an entire site. A standard fire detection and suppression system consists of smoke and heat detection sensors integrated, with automatic activation, into an aerosol extinguishing system.
六、使用泄爆板保障员工安全
Keep staff safe with deflagration panels
人员安全至关重要。即使储能场地得到安全保障，员工在维护和例行系统检查时也会在附近工作。他们可能会站在火灾或爆炸发生时的储能电柜和集装箱旁边。为了保护他们的安全，泄爆板能够将内部火灾产生的压力从顶部泄出，确保在该区域工作的人们免受侧面爆炸的伤害。
The safety of personnel is key. Even if a site is secured, employees will be working nearby for maintenance and routine system checks. They could be standing next to a battery block when a fire or explosion takes place. In order to protect their safety, a deflagration panel enables the force of any internal pressure to be directed upwards. It ensures that people who are working in the area are protected from sidewards explosions.
泄爆板的设计和制造要符合NFPA 68标准。
LeBlock is equipped with deflagration panels compliant with NFPA 68.
七、提供紧急响应行动计划
Provide first responders’ action plan
在现场紧急事件发生时，紧急响应人员的正确行为并不总是明确清晰的，并且会因系统和当地条件而产生差异。因此，针对场所制定不同的紧急行动计划，并给当地的紧急响应机构提供培训是非常重要的。
The correct behaviour of first responders in the event of an incident is not always clear and may vary by system and local conditions. Therefore, it is important to develop a site-specific emergency action plan and provide training in cooperation with local first responders.
在事件发生期间，集装箱外壳应该保持关闭状态，直到其温度达到正常范围，同时应该监测并降低周围环境温度（如果必要）。
During an incident, the LeBlock enclosure should remain unopened until its temperature reaches a non-critical range, while the immediate environment should be monitored and cooled if necessary.
八、具备“急停”功能
Implement an ’emergency stop’ function
如果EMS、BMS或任何其他安全装置检测到安全问题或电池异常，电池系统必须可以控制性关闭。此外，手动“急停（E-Stop）”功能同样重要，它可以由操作人员或紧急响应人员执行。
Battery systems must shut down immediately for a controlled shutdown if a safety issue or battery anomaly is detected by the EMS, the BMS or any other safety device. It is also important to have a manual ‘emergency stop’ that can be performed by operators or first responders.
九、可以检测电气绝缘故障
Detect electrical isolation failure
大多数电池都是架离地面的，这意味着都与地面绝缘。符合IEC 615557的先进绝缘监测设备必须确保系统的绝缘功能性和电气设备的安全性。绝缘监测的颗粒度应足够小，以确保良好的检测精度，并可以通过急停功能控制断开电路的电池数量。
Most batteries are “floating” meaning that each polarity is isolated from the ground. An advanced insulation monitoring device compliant with IEC 615557 must ensure that there is no degradation of the insulation or short circuit to the ground. The granularity of the isolation measurement should be small enough to ensure good measurement accuracy and limited to a small number of batteries that will be disconnected via the emergency stop function.
在LeBlock架构中，每个电柜都有自己的绝缘监测，并可以自动检测和隔离故障并在严重问题发生之前断开电池的电路。
In the LeBlock architecture, each Combi Block has its own isolation monitoring and can automatically detect an isolation failure and disconnect the batteries before a serious problem can occur.
十、符合IEC和UL等关键安全标准
Make sure your system complies with critical safety standards such as IEC and UL
在美国，储能系统需要符合NFPA 855的相关标准要求以减轻潜在危害。
In the USA, energy storage systems need to comply with NFPA 855 to mitigate potential hazards.
按照IEC(国际电工委员会)的要求，系统必须根据IEC 62933第2部分设计，以满足电网能源增强系统集成的安全要求。
LeBlock’s design and construction has been validated by DEKRA to comply with UL9540, NFPA 855 and IEC62933.
十一、系统具有隔离开关单元
Ensure the system has disconnections units
为了安全起见，系统必须配备所有必要的开路单元，例如负载开关，以确保维护操作的安全性。
In order to be safe, a system must be equipped with all the necessary disconnection units, such as a load break switch, to ensure safe isolation for maintenance operations.
十二、系统符合IEC 60364或北美NEC706等电气安全标准
Make sure the system complies with electrical safety standards such as IEC 60364 or article 706 of the NEC in North America
检查储能系统是否遵守所有相关的IEC和UL电气安全安装标准——特别需要配备先进的熔断系统保护储能安装免受短路风险。
Check to see whether all relevant IEC and UL electrical safety installation standards are adhered to – especially those protecting the installation against short circuit between polarities – with an advanced fusing system.
十三、安全运输系统
Transport the system safely
锂电池被识别为9级运输危险品。电池系统必须按照UN38.3标准进行测试，以便可以通过航空、海运、铁路或道路运输。
Lithium batteries are identified as a Class 9 dangerous good for transportation. The battery system must be tested according to the UN38.3 standard to be transported by air, sea, rail or roadways.
文本转自丨EnergyKnowledge
作者丨LR95
