（Learn to spread China and Chinese cuIture in EngIish）
Some Important Basic Facts about the Peoples Republic of China
1.China，officially called the Peoples Republic of China， is located in the East of the Asian continent on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean.
2. The Peoples Republic of China has a land area of about 9.6 million square kilometers and is the third largest country in size in the world after Russia and Canada. From north to south, China extends about 5 ,500 kilometers and from west to east about 5 ,200 kilometers.
3. China shares land borders with 14 countries. They are Afghanistan, Bhutan,Myanmar, India, Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea,Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Vietnam. Across the seas to the east and southeast are the Republic of Korea, Japan, the Philippines , Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia.
4. The Chinese mainland is flanked to the east and south by the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea ,East China Sea and South China Sea. Except for Bohai Sea, which is a continental sea, the Yellow sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea are all marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean. Along its approximately 18， 000-kilometer coastline, the nation has many good harbors, most of which are ice-free all year round.
5.China is the most populous country in the world. Its population( on the Mainland),which has reached 1.41178 billion in the year 2020 ,accounts for a little over one fifth of the worlds population.
6. The territory of China is characterized by dramatic geographical diversity. Topographically, it is low in the east and high in the west. Chinas arable land is primarily in the eastern region. The plains and lowlands in the east and the southeast occupy about one third of the land in the country. Two-thirds of the country are mostly mountains and high plateaus.
7. Today China has thirty-four administrative units directly under the central government.They consist of twenty-three provinces , five autonomous regions , four municipalities,and two special administrative regions.
8. The Yangtze (Chang Jiang )flows about 6, 300 kilometers from the Tibetan Plateau in the west to the East China Sea in the east. It is the longest river in China, and is the third longest in the world, next only to the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. The Yangtze is of great importance in transportation and agriculture in China.
9. The Yellow River is the second largest river in China. It is 5 ,464 kilometers long.The Yellow River Valley was one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization.
10. There are many freshwater lakes and saltwater lakes in China. Most of them are located on the Yangtze Plain and the Tibetan Plateau. Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province is the largest freshwater lake in China. Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province is the largest saltwater lake in the country.
11. There are many famous mountains in Chna, such as the Five Great Mountans and Huangshan.The Five Great Mountains in China are Taishan Mountain in Shandong ,Hengshan Mountain in Shanxi, Songshan Mountain in Henan, Huashan Mountain in Shaanxi and Hengshan Mountain in Hunan.
Huangshan Mountain in Anhui is famous for its spectacular rocks, odd-shaped pines, hot springs and sea of clouds.
12. Beijing is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China. It is the nations center of government, economy, culture, and international activities. It also serves as a transportation hub to the entire country.
13. Beijing lies in the northern part of the country. It is located on the northwest edge of the North China Plain ( Huabei Pingyuan), approximately 150 kilometers northwest of the Bohai Sea. There are mountains standing in the west,north and northeast of Beijing.
14. Beijing one of Chinas seven ancient capitals, has served as a national capital for more than 700 years, leaving a lot of culural heritage sites such as the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, the Temple of Heaven ( Tiantan Park), the Ming Tombs(shisanling), the Summer Palace and so on.
15. Shanghai，one of the four municipalities，is the
largest city in China. lt is situated on the alluvial（冲刷） plain of the Yangtze River Delta. Shanghai has four distinct seasons with generous sunshine and abundant rainfall. Its summers are hot and rainy and winters dry and cool. It is not only the countrys chief industrial and trade center but also mainland Chinas leading port.
16. Chinas climate varies greatly. In the north and west, it is extremely dry and desert-like. In the south and southeast, it rains often and has the characteristic tropical monsoon climate. Most of the country , however, lies in the North Temperate Zone. It is warm and has four distinctive seasons.
一些重要而基本的中国国情
1、中国，正式名称为中华人民共和国，位于亚洲大陆东部，太平洋西岸。
2、中华人民共和国陆地面积约960万平方公里，是仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大的世界第三大国。中国从北向南延伸约5500公里，从西向东延伸约5200公里。
3、中国与14个国家有陆地边界。他们是阿富汗、不丹、缅甸、印度、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、老挝、蒙古、尼泊尔、朝鲜、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦和越南。东面和东南面隔海相望的是大韩民国、日本、菲律宾、文莱、马来西亚和印度尼西亚。
4、中国大陆东、南接渤海、黄海、东海和南海。除渤海为大陆海外，黄海、东海和南海均为太平洋的边缘海。沿着大约1.8万公里的海岸线，中国有许多良好的港口，其中大多数全年不结冰。
5、中国是世界上人口最多的国家。中国（大陆）的人口在2020年达到14亿多，占世界人口的五分之一多一点。
6、中国领土的特点是地理多样性。从地形上看，东低西高。中国的耕地主要在东部地区。东部和东南部的平原和低地约占全国土地的三分之一。中国三分之二的地区大多是山区和高原。
7、今天，中国有三十四个直属行政单位。由23个省、5个自治区、4个直辖市和2个特别行政区组成。
8、长江西起青藏高原，东至东海，流程约6300公里。它是中国最长的河流，也是世界第三长的河流，仅次于非洲的尼罗河和南美的亚马逊河。长江在中国的交通运输和农业中具有重要意义。
9、黄河是中国第二大河。它有5464公里长。黄河流域是中国古代文明的发祥地之一。
10、中国有许多淡水湖和咸水湖。其中大部分位于长江平原和青藏高原。江西省的鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖。青海省的青海湖是全国最大的咸水湖。
11、中国有许多名山，如五岳和黄山。中国的五岳是山东泰山、山西恒山、河南嵩山、陕西华山和湖南衡山。
安徽的黄山以其壮观的岩石、奇松、温泉和云海而闻名。
12、北京是中华人民共和国的首都。它是国家政府、经济、文化和国际活动的中心，也是通往全国的交通枢纽。
13、北京位于中国的北部，华北平原的西北边缘，距渤海西北约150公里。北京的西部、北部和东北部都有山脉。
14、北京是中国七大古都之一，作为国家首都已有700多年历史，留下了紫禁城、长城、天坛、十三陵、颐和园等众多文化遗产。
15、上海是中国四大直辖市之一，也是中国最大的城市。它位于长江三角洲的冲积平原上。上海四季分明，阳光充足，雨量充沛。夏天炎热多雨，冬天干燥寒冷。它不仅是中国的主要工业和贸易中心，也是中国大陆的主要港口。
16、中国的气候变化很大。北部和西部极为干燥，酷似沙漠。南部和东南部降雨频繁，具有典型的热带季风气候。然而，中国大部分地区位于北温带。这里气候温暖，四季分明。
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