土库曼斯坦马纳特
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土库曼斯坦马纳特（Turkmenistani manat/Turkmenistan manat标准符号：TMM）
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ISO 4217 Code：TMM
User(s)：Turkmenistan
Inflation：11%
Source：The World Factbook, 2006 est.
Subunit：1/100 tennesi
Symbol： m
Plural： manat
tennesi：tennesi
Coins：500, 1000 manat
Banknotes：1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 manat
Central bank：Central Bank of Turkmenistan
The manat is the currency unit of Turkmenistan. It was introduced on November 1, 1993, replacing the Russian ruble at a rate of one manat for 500 rubles. A Turkmenistani manat (TMM) is made up of 100 tennesi. The abbreviation m is sometimes used, e.g. 25 000 m is twenty-five thousand manat.
Etymology
The word 'manat' is borrowed from the Russian word "moneta" meaning "coin". Likewise, 'manat' was the name of the Soviet ruble in both Azeri and Turkmen.
Coins
A series of tennesi coins were issued in 1993. They were 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tennesi. Another series of 500 and 1000 manat was issued in 1999.
Banknotes
Presently, banknotes are issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 manat, . All notes bear a portrait of former president Saparmurat Niyazov.
Black market exchange
The Manat has a large disparity between its official and black market rates, with the latter being roughly 21% greater than the official. This results in few institutions outside Turkmen Governmental control supporting the official rate. A few multinational companies have continued to adhere to the official rate - such as British Airways - but generally only for purchases by Turkmen passport holders in the country itself.
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